The Albanese government says its approach to legislating emissions targets doesn't expose it to the litigation risks that last month resulted in a British court ruling the UK government had breached its own Climate Change Act.
Warnings from the Greens that they might disallow Safeguard Rule changes are likely to be an empty threat, while the Coalition could be Labor's ally on a related Safeguard Bill.
There will be winners and losers as the federal government moves to tighten Safeguard emission limits and some crucial decisions will need to be made on how baselines are set, according to carbon and energy analyst RepuTex.
The federal carbon-neutral certification scheme needs an overhaul, and voluntary purchases of international units by businesses could lead to stronger national emissions pledges, according to the Climate Change Authority.
The Australian Conservation Foundation has asked senators to strengthen the climate Bill's wording on the 2030 target, and to ensure it requires disclosures of Australia's exported emissions.
A new report by Accenture says Queensland's 2030 goal of reducing emissions 30% below 2005 levels is too weak, and recommends ways to achieve a 60% cut.
Giving every large emitter an individual emissions trajectory will require the completion of 215 separate and complex negotiations within six months, the Grattan Institute has warned.
As the government's climate Bills today passed the House, Minister Chris Bowen told Greens leader Adam Bandt he will investigate requiring NOPSEMA to take into account the Paris Agreement and Australia's targets.